Nile Water Science & Engineering Journal

VOLUMES

Volume: Volume 13, 2022

Issue: issue 2 , 2022, December

Review on the Effects of Climate Change on Soil and Water Resources in Uganda

On Thursday, 2nd of February, 2023. 06:23:31 AM
By Benson TURYASINGURA

Topic: Water Resources Management
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Abstract

This review provides an overview of the effects of climate change on soil and water resources, as well as water management strategies for combating cl read more

Investigating the Water Balance using SWAT model for Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia

On Thursday, 2nd of February, 2023. 06:19:54 AM
By Eman M. Ragab

Topic: Water Resources Management
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Although, the Nile is the longest river in the world (6,695 Km) and the fifth in area with about 3 million Km2, the total flow of the Nile is 84 billi read more

Although, the Nile is the longest river in the world (6,695 Km) and the fifth in area with about 3 million Km2, the total flow of the Nile is 84 billion m3 at Aswan which represent about 1.2% of the precipitation on the basin area. The Blue Nile, originating from Lake Tana in the Ethiopian highlands, is the largest contributor with 59% of the Nile flow at Aswan. Lake Tana basin includes more than 40 torrents discharging in Tana Lak, but the major torrents are; Gilgel Abbay, Gumera, Ribb, and Megech. Such four torrents contribute more than 93% of the inflow to the Lake. The catchment area of the basin is approximately 15,000 Km2 and rises up to 4000 m above sea level - at the northern part. The present paper focuses on studying the water balance in Lake Tana basin via Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. SWAT is a semi- distributed physical model and considered as compatible tool to study such basins with complicated topography and data scarcity. Data obtained from online resources: the DEMs produced by ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, Soil map is obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the united nation (FAO), and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) is obtained from the GIS portal of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). A SWAT model was applied to study the water balance. The SWAT model gave satisfactory results that agree well with the ground runoff observations for the basin. The model was calibrated by two methods; SUFI-2 and GLUE. The Ribb calibration and validation shows good results with NSE > 0.70 and R2 > 0.75. Both SUFI-2 and GLUE gave acceptable results for discharge calibration with p-factor more than 70% and r-factor 0.97 for GLUE and 1.17 for SUFI-2. The results reveal that about 85% of the annual precipitation is lost by evapotranspiration in Lake Tana basin. The outflow at the lake exit is about 4.47 billion m3/year while it was 3.93 billion m3/year. Although, the balance at the lake outlet shows deficiency in the water balance with about 27%, the outflow from the lake gives satisfactory results. less

The Scientific Alternative Solutions to Solve The Hydrodynamic Problem Of Palm Beach (Death Beach_North Coast_Egypt)

On Sunday, 20th of November, 2022. 03:56:45 AM
By Shaymaa Elsayed Taha Hassan Ali

Topic: Coastal Engineering
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The study case noticed that some shore protection structures had been constructed without taking care of their side effect. In this paper, a computer read more

DEVELOPMENT OF ALEXANDRIA COAST BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS

On Monday, 14th of November, 2022. 04:49:44 AM
By Dina Saleh Mohamed

Topic: Coastal Engineering
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DEVELOPMENT OF ALEXANDRIA COAST BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS Shaymaa.Taha(1), Dina Abdalla (2) and Mohamed.M. Abd -EL- Mooty (3) (1) Researc read more

DEVELOPMENT OF ALEXANDRIA COAST BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS Shaymaa.Taha(1), Dina Abdalla (2) and Mohamed.M. Abd -EL- Mooty (3) (1) Researcher, Coastal Research Institute, 15 El Pharaana street El- Shallat, Tel: +201091041707, E-mail: engdinasaleh79@gmail.com (2) Researcher, Coastal Research Institute, 15 El Pharaana Street El-Shallat, Tel: +201010974022, E-mail: shaymaataha1982@gmail.com (3) Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Hydraulics department, Alexandria University Tel: +201222791308, E-mail: Mooty431@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Alexandria, Egypt's second capital and most visited tourist destination, is located on the Mediterranean Sea. In the winter, it is always exposed to strong winds, resulting in wave heights of 7.60 m every fifty years, with a maximum height of 8.10 m occurring at least once every hundred years. There were a lot of waves running up on the sandy mid-beaches. Storms like these flooded parts of the main coastal road and washed away all the beach's light structures. Moreover, the coastal zone is negatively impacted by many existing protection projects. The elevation of the coastal road is between 1.0 and 5.0 meters above sea level. Recently, the road was widened to alleviate traffic problems, and portions of the seawall were removed. To facilitate the use of the sandy shore, a perforated fence with a height of 60 cm was built at the low points of the road. During the storm, these areas are harmed. This study includes a new proposal for necessary protection structures to protect the city's coastal zone area from erosion and storms, as well as to solve traffic problems. The beaches of Alexandria are narrow and prone to erosion. Some submerged breakwaters were built to solve the problems of the surf zone. This paper introduces a new and relevant multi-use artificial island. Urban development, recreation, and the construction of recreational structures such as hotels or water parks are all justifications for artificial islands. Along the Alexandria coastline, from Abu Qir Bay to Alexandria Western Port, these man-made islands will be used as a coastal protection structure. The Alexandria Island proposal calls for the construction of three large islands with a total length of 3.0 km and a width of 0.5 km, located 0.50 km from the Cornish Road. The suggested site's seabed is 5.0 meters below the mean sea level. The suggested solution's hydrodynamic analysis shows that these three islands will provide calm seas at the original shore and safe currents in the surf zone. Furthermore, Detailed information about the recorded waves, bathymetry, and tide. Mike21's waves and currents are also distributed (Flow model). The suggested layout was checked using a variety of mathematical models. Keywords: Alexandria, Waves, Artificial islands, Coastal, Urban development less

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